Table 4 from Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance | Semantic Scholar (2024)

The impact of irisin is described on the molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetics, from the perspective of endothelial cell function and vascular macroregulation and the multiple signaling pathways used by irisin to regulate vascular aging are summarized.

This review focuses on the possibility that the endocrine functions of AT may have significant implications in the etiopathogenesis of OTS, and highlights adipokines as potential markers for diagnosing OTS.

Irisin is associated with increased risk of MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD in humans, indicating either increased secretion by adipose/muscle tissue and/or a compensatory increase of irisin to overcome an underlying irisin resistance in these subjects.

Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.

Irisin may serve as a potential biomarker for severity of OSA independently of obesity and imply the development of hypertension.

Older men are more insulin resistant than women, despite lower body fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat, therefore other metabolic factors contribute to the sex differences in insulin sensitivity.

In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women.

Autonomic function might not be associated with irisin release in healthy adults and markers for autonomic function, such as heart rate at rest, peak, or recovery, heart rate reserve,heart rate recovery, and chronotropic index, were comparable between cycling and running.

This Review presents the current knowledge on the physiology of irisin and its role in glucose homeostasis, and describes the mechanisms involved in the synthesis, secretion, circulation and regulation of irisin, and the controversies regarding the measurement.

The direct effects of irisin on glucose metabolism in three types of muscle, that is, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and the myocardium are discussed and irisin’s effects on mitochondria and its interactions with other hormones are described.

...

...