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Radiation Research
NIH Policies and Regulatory Pathways to U.S. FDA licensure: Strategies to Inform Advancement of Radiation Medical Countermeasures and Biodosimetry Devices
Carmen Rios
Radiation protection dosimetry
Protein biomarkers for enhancement of radiation dose and injury assessment in nonhuman primate total-body irradiation model
2014 •
William Blakely
Development and validation of early-response radiation injury biomarkers are critical for effective triage and medical management of irradiated individuals. Plasma protein and haematological profiles were evaluated using multivariate linear-regression analysis to provide dose-response calibration curves for photon-radiation dose assessment in 30 rhesus macaques total-body-irradiated to 1-8.5 Gy with (60)Co gamma rays (0.55 Gy min(-1)). Equations for radiation dose received were established based on different combinations of protein biomarkers [i.e. C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Flt3 Ligand (Flt3L)] at samples collection time-points 6 h, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 d post-total-body irradiation. Dynamic changes in the levels of CRP, SAA, IL-6 and Flt3L may function as prognostic indicators of the time course and severity of acute radiation sickness (ARS). The combination of protein biomarkers provides greater accuracy for early radiation assessment th...
Radiation Protection Dosimetry
Non-human Primate Total-body Irradiation Model with Limited and Full Medical Supportive Care Including Filgrastim for Biodosimetry and Injury Assessment
2016 •
Vitaly Nagy
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
Use of biomarkers for assessing radiation injury and efficacy of countermeasures
2015 •
Martin Hauer-jensen
Radiation Research
State-of-the-Art Advances in Radiation Biodosimetry for Mass Casualty Events Involving Radiation Exposure
2016 •
Mary Sproull
Paper EARLY-RESPONSE BIOMARKERS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A MOUSE TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION MODEL
Cam Ha
Scientific Reports
Development of the FAST-DOSE assay system for high-throughput biodosimetry and radiation triage
Richard Kowalski
Antioxidants
Effects of Gamma-Tocotrienol on Partial-Body Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in a Nonhuman Primate Model
Sarita Garg
Exposure to high doses of radiation, accidental or therapeutic, often results in gastrointestinal (GI) injury. To date, there are no therapies available to mitigate GI injury after radiation exposure. Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) is a promising radioprotector under investigation in nonhuman primates (NHP). We have shown that GT3 has radioprotective function in intestinal epithelial and crypt cells in NHPs exposed to 12 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI). Here, we determined GT3 potential in accelerating the GI recovery in partial-body irradiated (PBI) NHPs using X-rays, sparing 5% bone marrow. Sixteen rhesus macaques were treated with either vehicle or GT3 24 h prior to 12 Gy PBI. Structural injuries and crypt survival were examined in proximal jejunum on days 4 and 7. Plasma citrulline was assessed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Crypt cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death were evaluated using Ki-67 and TUNEL staining. PBI significantly decreased muco...
Scientific Reports
Validation of a biomarker tool capable of measuring the absorbed dose soon after exposure to ionizing radiation
Hala AbuZied
A radiological or nuclear attack could involve such a large number of subjects as to overwhelm the emergency facilities in charge. Resources should therefore be focused on those subjects needing immediate medical attention and care. In such a scenario, for the triage management by first responders, it is necessary to count on efficient biological dosimetry tools capable of early detection of the absorbed dose. At present the validated assays for measuring the absorbed dose are dicentric chromosomes and micronuclei counts, which require more than 2–3 days to obtain results. To overcome this limitation the NATO SPS Programme funded an Italian–Egyptian collaborative project aimed at validating a fast, accurate and feasible tool for assessing the absorbed dose early after radiation exposure. Biomarkers as complete blood cell counts, DNA breaks and radio-inducible proteins were investigated on blood samples collected before and 3 h after the first fraction of radiotherapy in patients tre...
International journal of radiation biology
Characterization of a partial-body irradiation model with oral cavity shielding in nonhuman primates
2018 •
Wieslaw Wierzbicki
Characterization of a novel partial-body irradiation (PBI) shielding strategy in nonhuman primates (NHP; rhesus macaques), aimed at protecting the oral cavity, with respect to various gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) syndrome parameters as well as buccal ulceration development. NHPs were irradiated using a Cobalt-60 gamma source, in a single uniform dose, ranging from 9-13 Gy and delivered at 0.60-0.80 Gy min. Animals were either partially shielded via oral cavity shielding (PBI) or underwent total-body irradiation (TBI). Clinical manifestations of GI-ARS, and also radiation-induced hematology and clinical chemistry changes, following PBI were comparable to the PBI NHP GI-ARS model utilizing shielding of the distal pelvic limbs and were significantly milder than TBI at similar radiation doses. Nadir citrulline levels were comparable between PBI and TBI but signs of recovery appeared earlier in PBI-treated animals. The PBI model prevented oral mucositis, whereas the...
